SAS Tutorial - Our Course just doesn't prepare you for the interview; it prepares you for the Job!
The content of this course is designed, explained and demonstrated with examples by SAS professionals who all have come together for a single purpose; to share their experience and to help you become an effective SAS expert.
For each section you will be presented with text tutorial where you will be learning concepts by reading through the content. There are videos for each section, which will reinforce your concepts with an example and its explanation. You will be given requirements based on real life SAS projects using which you will be required to develop project modules for the same. A combination of all this would certainly take you places you have never been before.
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION TO SAS
INTRODUCTION
NEED FOR SAS
WHO USES SAS
WHAT IS SAS?
OVERVIEW OF BASE SAS SOFTWARE
DATA MANAGEMENT FACILITY
STRUCTURE OF SAS DATASET
SAS PROGRAM
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
ELEMENTS OF THE SAS LANGUAGE
RULES FOR SAS STATEMENTS
RULES FOR MOST SAS NAMES
SPECIAL RULES FOR VARIABLE NAMES
TYPES OF VARIABLES
DATA ANALYSIS AND REPORTING UTILITIES
TRADITIONAL OUTPUT
WAYS TO RUN SAS PROGRAMS
SAS WINDOWING ENVIRONMENT
NONINTERACTIVE MODE
BATCH MODE
INTERACTIVE LINE MODE
RUNNING PROGRAMS IN THE SAS WINDOWING ENVIRONMENT
Chapter 2: HOW SAS WORKS
WRITING YOUR FIRST SAS PROGRAM
A SIMPLE PROGRAM TO READ RAW DATA AND PRODUCE A REPORT
ENHANCING THE PROGRAM
MORE ON COMMENT STATEMENTS
INTERNAL PROCESSING IN SAS
HOW SAS WORKS
THE COMPILATION PHASE
THE EXECUTION PHASE
PROCESSING A DATA STEP: A WALKTHROUGH
CREATING THE INPUT BUFFER AND THE PROGRAM DATA VECTOR
WRITING AN OBSERVATION TO THE SAS DATA SET
FOUR TYPES OF SAS LIBRARIES
SAS LIBRARIES
WORK LIBRARY
SASHELP LIBRARY
SASUSER LIBRARY
Chapter 3: READING RAW DATA INTO SAS
WHAT IS RAW DATA
DEFINITIONS
DATA VALUES
NUMERIC VALUE
CHARACTER VALUE
STANDARD DATA
NONSTANDARD DATA
NUMERIC DATA
CHARACTER DATA
CHOOSING AN INPUT STYLE
LIST INPUT
MODIFIED LIST INPUT
COLUMN INPUT
FORMATTED INPUT
NAMED INPUT
INSTREAM DATA
CREATING MULTIPLE RECORDS FROM SINGLE INPUT ROW
READING DATA FROM EXTERNAL FILES
READING BLANK SEPARATED VALUES (LIST OR FREE FORM DATA):
READING RAW DATA SEPARATED BY COMMAS (.CSV FILES):
READING IN RAW DATA SEPARATED BY TABS (.TXT FILES):
USING INFORMATS WITH LIST INPUT
SUPPLYING AN INFORMAT STATEMENT WITH LIST INPUT
USING LIST INPUT WITH EMBEDDED DELIMITERS
READING RAW DATA THAT ARE ALIGNED IN COLUMNS:
METHOD 1: COLUMN INPUT
METHOD 2: FORMATTED INPUT
USING MORE THAN ONE INPUT STATEMENT: THE SINGLE TRAILING @
READING COLUMN DATA THAT IS ON MORE THAN ONE LINE
MIXED-STYLE INPUT:
INFILE OPTIONS FOR SPECIAL SITUATIONS
FLOWOVER
MISSOVER
TRUNCOVER
PAD
USING LRECL TO READ VERY LONG LINES OF RAW DATA
CHECKING YOUR DATA AFTER IT HAS BEEN READ INTO SAS
Chapter 4: READING DATA FROM A DATASET
INTRODUCTION
SET STATEMENT OVERVIEW
AUTOMATIC VARIABLES IN SAS
INTERLEAVE MULTIPLE SAS DATA SETS
COMBINE MULTIPLE SAS DATA SETS
CREATING & MODIFYING VARIABLES
CREATING MULTIPLE DATASETS IN A SINGLE DATA-STEP
SUBSETTING OBSERVATIONS
CONDITIONAL SAS STATEMENTS
LOGICAL AND SPECIAL OPERATORS
THE SAS SUPERVISOR AND THE SET STATEMENT
EFFICIENCY AND THE SET STATEMENT
KNOW YOUR DATA
SET STATEMENT DATA SET OPTIONS
DROP AND KEEP OPTIONS
RENAME OPTION
FIRSTOBS AND OBS OPTIONS
IN OPTION -
WHERE OPTION -
OTHER SET STATEMENT OPTIONS
END OPTION
KEY OPTION
NOBS OPTION
POINT OPTION
DO LOOPS AND THE SET STATEMENT
INTRODUCTION TO RETAIN STATEMENT
CARRY OVER VALUES FROM ONE OBSERVATION TO ANOTHER
COMPARE VALUES ACROSS OBSERVATIONS
ASSIGN INITIAL VALUES
DETERMINING COLUMN ORDER IN OUTPUT DATASET
SAS SYSTEM OPTIONS
Chapter 5: READING DATA FROM A DATASET
INPUT SAS DATA SET FOR EXAMPLE
SELECTING OBSERVATIONS FOR A NEW SAS DATA SET
DELETING OBSERVATIONS BASED ON A CONDITION
ACCEPTING OBSERVATIONS BASED ON A CONDITION
COMPARING THE DELETE AND SUBSETTING IF STATEMENTS
METHODS OF CREATING NEW DATA SETS WITH A SUBSET
SUBSETTING RECORDS FROM AN EXTERNAL FILE WITH A SUBSETTING IF STATEMENT
SUBSETTING OBSERVATIONS IN A DATA STEP WITH A WHERE STATEMENT
SUBSETTING OBSERVATIONS IN A PROC STEP WITH A WHERE STATEMENT
SUBSETTING OBSERVATIONS IN PROC SQL
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IF AND WHERE
Chapter 6: SAS INFORMATS AND FORMATS
OVERVIEW
USING SAS INFORMATS
INPUT STATEMENT
INPUT FUNCTION
INPUTN AND INPUTC FUNCTIONS
ATTRIB AND INFORMAT STATEMENTS
USING SAS FORMATS
FORMAT STATEMENT IN PROCEDURES
PUT STATEMENT
PUT FUNCTION
PUTN AND PUTC FUNCTIONS
BESTw. Format
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS
Chapter 7: SAS FUNCTIONS
CATEGORIES OF FUNCTIONS
SAS CHARACTER FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS THAT CHANGE THE CASE OF CHARACTERS
UPCASE
LOWCASE
PROPCASE
FUNCTIONS THAT REMOVE CHARACTERS FROM STRINGS
FUNCTION: COMPBL
FUNCTION: COMPRESS
FUNCTIONS THAT SEARCH FOR CHARACTERS
FUNCTION: ANYALNUM
FUNCTION: ANYALPHA
FUNCTION: ANYDIGIT
FUNCTION: ANYPUNCT
FUNCTION: ANYSPACE
FUNCTION: NOTALNUM
FUNCTION: NOTALPHA
FUNCTION: NOTDIGIT
FUNCTION: NOTUPPER
FUNCTIONS THAT SEARCH STRINGS
FIND AND FINDC
INDEX, INDEXC, AND INDEXW
FUNCTIONS TO VERIFY DATA
FUNCTION VERIFY
FUNCTIONS THAT EXTRACT PARTS OF STRINGS
FUNCTION: SUBSTR (ON THE LEFT-HAND SIDE OF THE EQUAL SIGN)
FUNCTION: SUBSTRN
FUNCTIONS THAT JOIN TWO OR MORE STRINGS TOGETHER
FUNCTION: CAT
FUNCTION: CATS
FUNCTION: CATT
FUNCTION: CATX
FUNCTIONS THAT REMOVE BLANKS FROM STRINGS
FUNCTION: LEFT
FUNCTION: RIGHT
FUNCTION: TRIM
FUNCTION: TRIMN
FUNCTION: STRIP
FUNCTIONS THAT COMPARE STRINGS
FUNCTION: COMPARE
FUNCTIONS THAT DIVIDE STRINGS INTO "WORDS"
FUNCTION: SCAN
FUNCTION: SCANQ
FUNCTIONS THAT SUBSTITUTE LETTERS OR WORDS IN STRINGS
FUNCTION: TRANSLATE
FUNCTION: TRANWRD
FUNCTIONS THAT COMPUTE THE LENGTH OF STRINGS
FUNCTION: LENGTH
FUNCTION: LENGTHC
FUNCTION: LENGTHM
FUNCTION: LENGTHN
FUNCTIONS THAT COUNT THE NUMBER OF LETTERS OR SUBSTRINGS IN A STRING
FUNCTION: COUNT
FUNCTION: COUNTC
MISCELLANEOUS STRING FUNCTIONS
FUNCTION: MISSING
FUNCTION: REPEAT
FUNCTION: REVERSE
SAS DATE AND TIME FUNCTIONS
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A SAS DATE AND TIME LITERAL?
DATE AND TIME FUNCTIONS
FUNCTINS TO CREATE DATE AND TIME VALUES
FUNCTIONS TO TAKIE DATETIME VALUES APART
FUNCTIONS TO GET QUARTER ,YEAR OR DAY OF THE DATE
FUNCTIONS THAT WORK WITH INTERVALS
USING FORMATS FOR DATE AND TIME
SYSTEM OPTIONS FORDATE AND TIME
Chapter 8: AN INTRODUCTION TO ARRAYS AND ARRAY PROCESSING
WHY DO WE NEED ARRAYS?
BASIC ARRAY CONCEPTS
ARRAY STATEMENT
ARRAY REFERENCES
VARIABLE NAME ARRAY REFERENCE
USING ARRAY INDEXES
ONE DIMENSION ARRAYS
MULTI-DIMENSION ARRAYS
TEMPORARY ARRAYS
SORTING ARRAYS
Determining Array Bounds: LBOUND and HBOUND Functions
WHEN TO USE ARRAYS
COMMON ERRORS AND MISUNDERSTANDINGS
INVALID INDEX RANGE
FUNCTION NAME AS AN ARRAY NAME
ARRAY REFERENCED IN MULTIPLE DATA STEPS, BUT DEFINED IN ONLY ONE
Chapter 9: BY - GROUP PROCESSING
DEFINITIONS FOR BY-GROUP PROCESSING
BY-GROUP PROCESSING
BY VALUE
BY GROUP
FIRST.VARIABLE AND LAST.VARIABLE
MODIFYING SAS DATA SETS: EXAMPLES.
INVOKING BY-GROUP PROCESSING
PREPROCESSING INPUT DATA FOR BY-GROUP PROCESSING
SORTING OBSERVATIONS FOR BY-GROUP PROCESSING
INDEXING FOR BY-GROUP PROCESSING
HOW THE DATA STEP IDENTIFIES BY GROUPS
PROCESSING OBSERVATIONS IN A BY GROUP
HOW SAS DETERMINES FIRST.VARIABLE AND LAST.VARIABLE
PROCESSING BY-GROUPS IN THE DATA STEP
OVERVIEW
PROCESSING BY-GROUPS CONDITIONALLY
DATA NOT IN ALPHABETIC OR NUMERIC ORDER
DATA GROUPED BY FORMATTED VALUES
Chapter 10: OVERVIEW OF METHODS FOR COMBINING SAS DATA SETS
DEFINITIONS
CONCATENATING
INTERLEAVING
ONE-TO- ONE READING OR ONE-TO-ONE MERGING
MATCH-MERGING
UPDATING
MODIFYING
DEFINITIONS FOR READING, COMBINING, AND MODIFYING SAS DATA SETS
READING A SAS DATA SET
COMBINING SAS DATA SETS
MODIFYING SAS DATA SETS
OVERVIEW OF TOOLS
READING SAS DATA SETS
READING A SINGLE SAS DATA SET
READING FROM MULTIPLE SAS DATA SETS
COMBINING SAS DATA SETS: BASIC CONCEPTS
ONE-TO-ONE
ONE-TO-MANY AND MANY-TO-ONE
MANY-TO-MANY
ACCESS METHODS: SEQUENTIAL VERSUS DIRECT
SEQUENTIAL ACCESS
DIRECT ACCESS
ONE-TO-ONE READING
DATA STEP PROCESSING DURING A ONE-TO-ONE READING
ONE-TO-ONE MERGING
MATCH-MERGING
UPDATING WITH THE UPDATE AND THE MODIFY STATEMENTS :
DEFINITIONS
SYNTAX OF THE UPDATE STATEMENT
SYNTAX OF THE MODIFY STATEMENT -
UPDATING WITH NONMATCHED OBSERVATIONS, MISSING VALUES, AND NEW VARIABLES -
USING AN INDEX WITH THE MODIFY STATEMENT
Chapter 11: SAS PROCEDURES
INTRODUCTION
THE ANATOMY OF A PROC
THE PROC STATEMENT
TITLE AND FOOTNOTE STATEMENTS
BY STATEMENT
LABEL STATEMENT
FORMAT STATEMENT
RUN OR QUIT STATEMENT
DESCRIPTION OF DATA USED IN REPORTS
SAS REPORTING PROCEDURES
PROCS FOR ALL THAT DETAIL
USING PROC PRINT
USING PROC SQL
PROC REPORT
PROCS THAT SUMMARIZE
USING PROC CHART
USING PROC FREQ
USING PROC MEANS
USING PROC UNIVARIATE
INTRODUCTION TO PROC TABULATE
DATA MANIPULATION AND MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE
PROC SORT
PROC DATASETS
PROC FORMAT
PROC CONTENTS
OTHER IMPORTANT PROCS
PROC TRANSPOSE
DEFINITIONS
PROC PRINTTO
COMPARE PROCEDURE
PROC APPEND
HOW TO IMPORT AN EXCEL FILE INTO SAS
Chapter 12: INTRODUCTION TO PROC SQL
INTRODUCTION
WHY LEARN PROC SQL?
SELECT STATEMENT
THE SELECT STATEMENT SYNTAX
A SIMPLE PROC SQL
A COMPLEX PROC SQL
LIMITING INFORMATION ON THE SELECT
CREATING NEW VARIABLES
THE CALCULATED OPTION ON THE SELECT
USING LABELS AND FORMATS
THE CASE EXPRESSION ON THE SELECT
ADDITIONAL SELECT STATEMENT CLAUSES
REMERGING
REMERGING FOR TOTALS
CALCULATING PERCENTAGE
SORTING THE DATA IN PROC SQL
SORT ON NEW COLUMN
SUBSETTING USING THE WHERE
INCORRECT WHERE CLAUSE
WHERE ON COMPUTED COLUMN
SELECTION ON GROUP COLUMN
USE HAVING CLAUSE
CREATING NEW TABLES
JOINING DATASETS USING PROC SQL
INNER JOIN
JOINING THREE OR MORE TABLES
OUTER JOINS
INCLUDING NONMATCHING ROWS WITH THE RIGHT OUTER JOIN
SELECTING ALL ROWS WITH THE FULL OUTER JOIN
CONCATENATING QUERY RESULTS
Chapter 13: AN INTRODUCTION TO SAS MACROS
INTRODUCTION
SAS MACRO OVERVIEW
TRADITIONAL SAS PROGRAMMING
THE SAS MACRO LANGUAGE
MACRO LANGUAGE COMPONENTS
MACRO VARIABLES
MACRO STATEMENTS
MACRO PROCESSOR FLOW
AUTOMATIC MACRO VARIABLES
MACRO DEBUGGING OPTIONS
WHAT IS A MACRO?
DEFINING AND USING MACROS
POSITIONAL MACRO PARAMETERS
KEYWORD MACRO PARAMETERS
CONDITIONAL MACRO COMPILATION
THE %DO STATEMENT
SAS DATA STEP INTERFACES
Chapter 14: THE OUTPUT DELIVERY SYSTEM (ODS)
INTRODUCTION
CREATING VARIOUS TYPES OF REPORTS LISTING OUTPUT
OTHER DESTINATIONS
HTML
PDF AND POSTSCRIPT
RTF FILES
MICROSOFT EXCEL
ADDING STYLE TO YOUR REPORTS
LOCATE EXISTING STYLES
ODS STYLE= OPTION
CUSTOMIZE YOUR REPORTS
ODS SELECT; AND ODS EXCLUDE;
OTHER CUSTOMIZATIONS
ODS PROCLABEL= ;
ODS PROCTITLE; AND ODS NOPROCTITLE;
ADVANCED TECHNIQUES
ODS DOCUMENT
PROC TEMPLATE
Chapter 15: INTRODUCTION TO DIAGNOSING AND AVOIDING ERRORS
INTRODUCTION
UNDERSTANDING HOW THE SAS SUPERVISOR CHECKS A JOB
UNDERSTANDING HOW SAS PROCESSES ERRORS
DISTINGUISHING TYPES OF ERRORS .SAS RECOGNIZES FOUR KINDS OF ERRORS:
