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Android is a
software
stack for mobile devices that includes an system, middleware and key
applications.[7][8] Google Inc. purchased the initial developer of the
software,
Android Inc., in 2005.[9] Android's mobile operating system is based on
the Linux kernel. Google and other members of the Open Handset Alliance
collaborated on Android's development and release.[10][11] The Android
Open Source Project (AOSP) is tasked with the maintenance and further
development of Android.[12] The Android operating system is the world's
best-selling Smartphone platform.[13][14]
Android has a large
community
of developers writing applications ("apps") that extend the
functionality of the devices. There are currently over 200,000 apps
available for Android.[15][16] Android Market is the online app store
run by Google, though apps can also be downloaded from third-party
sites. Developers write primarily in the Java language, controlling the
device via Google-developed Java libraries.[17]
The unveiling of the
Android distribution on 5 November 2007 was announced with the founding
of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 80 hardware,
software,
and telecomcompanies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile
devices.[18][19] Google released most of the Android code under the
Apache License, a
free
software and
open source license.[20]
The Android open-source
software
stack consists of Java applications running on a Java-based,
object-oriented application framework on top of Java core libraries
running on a Dalvik virtual machine featuring JIT compilation. Libraries
written in C include the surface manager, OpenCore[21] media framework,
SQLite relational database management system, OpenGL ES 2.0 3D graphics
API, WebKit layout engine, SGL graphics engine, SSL, and Bionic libc.
The Android operating system, including the Linux kernel, consists of
roughly 12 millionlines of code including 3 million lines of XML, 2.8
million lines of C, 2.1 million lines of Java, and 1.75 million lines of
C++.[22]