#2 Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkow

Television – 1880s

Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkow (22 August 1860 – 24 August 1940) was a German technician and inventor.Nipkow experimented in telephony and the transmission of moving pictures.

While still a student he conceived the idea of using a spiral-perforated disk (Nipkow disk), to divide a picture into a mosaic of points and lines. Accounts of its invention state that the idea came to him while sitting alone at home with an oil lamp on Christmas Eve, 1883.Alexander Bain had transmitted images telegraphically in the 1840s but the Nipkow disk improved the encoding process. The first television broadcasts used an optical-mechanical picture scanning method, the method that Nipkow had helped create with his disk; he could claim some credit for the invention.

#1 Hercules Florence

Photography – 1830s

Hercule Florence was a French-Brazilian painter and inventor, known as the isolate inventor of photography in Brazil, three years before Daguerre (but six years after Nicéphore Niépce), using the matrix negative/positive, still in use. According to Kossoy, who examined Florence's notes, he referred to his process, in French, as photographie in 1834, at least four years before John Herschel coined the English word photography.

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