siliconindia | | NOVEMBER 20229that help in the growth and cultural advancement of the business sectors. Machines are becoming more and more indispensable part of human civilization. Without various tools and equipment pieces, it is impossible to construct monumental buildings, textiles, and handicrafts that might not be feasible. According to experts, one of the sixty-four acknowledged art forms in prehistoric India was getting the know-how of tools and machines. China was indispensable as the world leader in manufacturing machines up to the fourteenth century. EVOLUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING From the days of prehistoric times, machines are equipped with automation systems and the first-self-operating devices were many of the traps that were used to catch games. An example of early autonomous devices is the Chinese chariots pointing south, the Persian windmill, and the Egyptian water clock. In Alexandria, active teaching and research projects are focused on automatic devices from the third-century BC. Hero's `Pneumatics' which are various inventive design descriptions, is renowned to be the source for the creation of automated machines. In the Middle Age, the Arab world produced several treatises on machine design while building on this basis. The Chinese and Japanese created some fascinating self-operable devices more than a thousand years ago for entertainment purposes. The machines were developed to automatically operate as per the sequence of actions. During the fifteenth century, the machine age began in Italy and it expanded throughout the European countries. The technology press made several publications on machine design available almost throughout the European market. The hydraulics evolution was fascinating and numerous inventive residential appliances including fountains and fanning mechanisms, commercial appliances, saws, wineries, fabric washing, and wheat mills were also constructed. Steam energy, machine tool industry, and mechanized industries defined the first industrial revolution that started in the UK in the eighteenth century. In specific, weaving patterns and images were introduced for utilization in the punched cards technology. The internal combustion engine, electricity, gas, communication technologies, control systems, and factories with assemble lines driven by electricity were all part of the second
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