siliconindia | | DECEMBER 20229that converts water into steam. Steam is to run turbines that generate electricity: Ash and other residues from this process. Scrubbers, filters, and other pollution control equipment reduce pollutants released during incineration. India will surpass China as the world's most populous country by 2027; by 2050, India's urban population will nearly double to reach 814 million. According to the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, India currently generates 62 million tons of waste (both recyclable and non­recyclable) every year, with an average annual growth rate of 4 percent. Solid waste, plastic waste, and E-waste are the principal waste materials. Waste generation in urban areas of India will be 0.7 kg per person per day in 2025, approximately four to six times higher than in 1999. Air Pollution in India is also a severe health issue. As per a study based on 2016 data, at least 140 million people in India breathe air ten times or more over the WHO safe limit. The most polluted cities in the world, 22 out of 30, were in India in 2018.TYPES OF WASTESOLID WASTEIn the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban), 1.45 lakh tons/day of municipal solid waste in urban India. Only 23 percent of the total developed waste is processed/treated (33,215 tons/day), while 72 percent is land-filled (1.22 lakh tons/day). As many as 67 percent of the urban areas have a door-to-door collection of MSW. India produces approximately 0.025 million tons of plastic waste/day, which will rise to 34 MT per year by 2031. The per capita plastic consumption in India in 2017 was 11 kg, and the percentage of plastic and rubber in municipal solid waste has risen to 9.22 percent compared to 0.66 percent in 1996, as per the Central Pollution Control Board data. A United Nations report states that India is one of the biggest producers of e-waste in the world. It generates about two million tons of e-waste annually. Today's landfills are very different from the old ones, where people dump their garbage in an open area. They are constructed and operated to strict environmental standards, including liners to protect groundwater. Within this hierarchy, land filling waste is the lowest priority of the solid waste management options.ORGANIC WASTEOrganic waste is another typical household: all food waste, garden waste, manure, and rotten meat as organic waste. Over time, organic waste is turned into manure by microorganisms. However, this does not mean that you can dispose of them anywhere. Organic waste in landfills
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