APRIL 202319are cleared at every stage of the progress. An integrated approach of all technologies both at horizontal and ver-tical system integration is grossly lacking with IoT ex-perts pushing IoT technologies, AR experts pushing AR technologies, Dashboard experts pushing Data Analyt-ics and so on. Platform developers claim to have many solutions packaged without clear understanding of the problems in the first place; as a result, end users criti-cise the lack of sectoral understanding in such platforms. Technology staff lack business experience in the various operational functions and hence it is unable to under-stand the pain points of the customer. They are often too quick to send formats to get equipment details filled up for a OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) improve-ment project, without going into the depth of which is the bottleneck equipment in a cell, work-center, or line that affects the overall capacity. Add to that the industry not having carefully hired and trained experts to deploy appropriate technology for different applications and the inability to calculate cost-benefit equations. It is a pity that today, only a few manufactures have the end-to-end perspective to handle digital technologies across the val-ue chain using a holistic Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) approach. Top management understands and conviction about the benefits of the investment and resources required to be developed for a successful implementation of Industry 4.0 is another dampener to its implementation. Awareness about `Industry 4.0' has been more at a jargon level with no in depth understanding by decision-makers and functional leaders about how it will benefit manufacturing. CTOs often confuse Industry 4.0 for just another IT project like in the ERP/SAP/MES, and focus more on the RoI and IT security aspects. Additionally, CFOs have not had adequate training to understand operational benefits such as Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), Cost of Quality (CoQ) and hence are heavily dependent on operational managers to calculate the Value. Poor Adoption of Digital Technologies in Manufacturing can be attributed to three distinct actors of the Digital Ecosystem including technology specialists, top management, and end users.The significant gap between Digitisation, Digitalisation and Digital Transformation must be bridged to make the Digital Manufacturing projects meaningful and sustainable
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