JANUARY 20179The difficulty of modeling quantum systems can be converted into solution by manipulating with quantum objectmercialized next year and has more than 30 application areas from BioMed and biotechnology, to astronomy and nuclear physics.Another very promising fuel for quantum sensors is a measurement of magnetic fields. Currently, most sensitive magnetometers are already based on quantum technology. But this technology (SQUID) belongs to the first quantum revolution and uses sizable cryogenic superconducting sen-sors. The developing of new generation thin-film quantum magnetometers can work at room temperature with the same sensitivity and micrometric spatial resolution. They can be used for non-destructive testing, forensic science, new memory systems and rather most exciting monitoring of single neuron cells to investigate human brain and de-velop brain-computer interfaces.Quantum Computing: Besides high-res sensors, it is also necessary to develop new quantum technology to process and transmit of information. The strategic goal is known as quantum computers. In addition to the standard way (uni-versity research), in recent years, four large technologi-cal companies ­ Google, Intel, IBM and Microsoft ­ have started quantum programs and invested $50-100 million to develop a quantum computer.Russia does not lag behind in the development of a quantum computer. In 2014, scientists of the Russian Quan-tum Center in cooperation with several universities made and measured the first qubit in Russia. This year, they have started a program of building a quantum computer based on superconducting qubits. Today, the enthusiastic views are more common than five years ago and the progress is mov-ing even a little faster than predicted. Now, we are expecting to receive processors with 50-100 qubit in the next decade. And they will be able to solve practical problems.Once it is created, universal quantum computer can surpass computational power of any classical computer in some very important tasks like search in large databases, optimization problems, machine learning, and many others. But the most important is the fact that universal quantum computer will be able to destroy almost all existing crypto-graphic algorithms.Appearance of quantum computer will endanger the ex-isting encryption systems. The one who will have a quantum computer could easily crack existing encryption algorithms and decipher new and also intercepted & stored old confi-dential data streams. However, there is another interesting technology -- a quantum cryptography, that already allows you to build a completely secure connection.Quantum Cryptography: Unlike current encryption sys-tems, quantum cryptography is based not on the mathemati-cal complexity, but on the physical principles of the quan-tum world. In quantum cryptography information is coded in the quantum states of two entangled photons. And if one of them will be intercepted by an eavesdropper, the second one lets you know that your transmission is insecure. And no matter how infinitely powerful and sophisticated the device is on the side of the attacker, it will not help him go unnoticed. To the moment, this technology has already entered the market. And, for example, China and the United States have built the whole quantum network. In Russia, this area is also being developed. This summer, RQC, for the first time in launched a quantum communication in standard commercial lines between two offices of Gazprom bank. By the end of next year,we expect to have the serial de-vice with characteristics at the level of the world's lead-ing models. Creating this system makes Russia one of the few countries in the world disposing their own quantum cryptography technologies.However, modern quantum cryptography isn't the uni-versal technology. Quantum network segments are limited by length in about 100 km and have very low bitrate. The solution to this problem is to develop quantum repeater. To-day, these devices are developed in the universities and re-search labs. In medium term, they will go out to the market.So the landscape of quantum acknowledges will surely change very rapidly and influence many other technological areas.
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