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Routing Protocols And Types of Routing?

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Routing Protocols

Routing protocols were created for routers. These protocols have been designed to allow the exchange of routing tables, or known networks, between routers. There are a lot of different routing protocols, each one designed for specific network sizes.

Two main types of routing:

ü  Static routing

ü  Dynamic routing

The router learns about remote networks from neighbor routers or from an administrator. The router then builds a routing table. If the network is directly connected then the router already knows how to get to the network. If the networks are not attached, the router must learn how to get to the remote network with either static routing (administrator manually enters the routes in the router's table) or dynamic routing (happens automatically using routing protocols like EIGRP,OSPF,etc.).

The routers then update each other about all the networks they know. If a change occurs e.g a router goes down, the dynamic routing protocols automatically inform all routers about the change. If static routing is used, then the administrator has to update all changes into all routers and therefore no routing protocol is used.

Only Dynamic routing uses routing protocols, which enable routers to:

  • Dynamically discover and maintain routes
  • Calculate routes
  • Distribute routing updates to other routers
  • Reach agreement with other routers about the network topology

Statically programmed routers are unable to find  routes, or send routing information to other routers. They send data over routes defined by the network Admin.

A Stub network is so called because it is a dead end in the network. There is only one route in and one route out and, because of this, they can be reached using static routing, thus saving valuable bandwidth.

Dynamic Routing Protocols

There are 3 types of Dynamic routing protocols, these are differ by  the way that discover and make calculations about routes;

1. Distance Vector

2. Link State

3. Hybrid

  • Distance Vector routers find the best path from information send from neighbors
  • Link State routers each have a copy of the entire network map
  • Link State routers find best routes from this local map

The Table below shows the main characteristics of a few different types of dynamic routing protocols:

Routing Protocols

Features

RIPv1

RIPv2

IGRP

OSPF

EIGRP

Classful/Classless

 

Metric

 

Time Period

 

Administrative Distace(AD)

 

Type

 Classful

 

Hop

 

30 sec

 

120

 

 

Distance vector

Classless

 

Hop

 

30 sec

 

120

 

 

Distance vector

Classful

 

Composite

(90 sec)

90 sec

 

100

 

 

Distance vector

Classless

 

Cost

 

None

 

110

 

 

Link state

Classless

 

Composite

(30 sec)

30 sec

 

Internal:  90

External: 170

 

Hybrid

 

 

You can also classify the routing protocols in terms of their location on a network. For example, routing protocols can exist in, or between, autonomous systems.

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Reader's comments(12)
1: very brief description thanks for your notes
Posted by:aman khan - 07 May, 2018
2: excelent
Posted by:Baskker - 27 May, 2017
3: what is the best routing protocol?
Posted by:keo - 10 Oct, 2016
4: your notes help me in my assignments and it is very easy then books thanks for your notes and please post more notes.and thanks alot from sahaj
Posted by:sahaj - 26 Sep, 2015
5: i am very like your notes GOD bless much your family and you
suneel from lahore pakiostan
Posted by:suneel - 05 May, 2015
6: alert("s")
Posted by:oooppo - 29 Jan, 2015
7: http://basicnetworkingg.blogspot.in/
Posted by:suresh - 31 Dec, 2014
8:
Hi Friend

this was a very good and quick reference note Thank you for sharing this link :-) :-)
Nithin Replied to: suresh - 01 Apr, 2015
9: good definition and easy to understand and explain about RIPV1,2,IGRP,OSPF,EIGRP
Posted by:Karthik - 31 Oct, 2014
10: Very nice & superb explanation..
Posted by:fghgfh - 27 Sep, 2014
11: What are the differences between topology_based, position based and Bioinspired routing protocols?
Posted by:Chanu - 11 Jan, 2014
12: nice summary for people who are about to start learning ....
thanks very much. it clears some of the very basic concepts.
Could any one provide some link to be very strong in OSPF.
Posted by:Lalat - 23 Sep, 2013